Redução do uso de farinha de peixe em dietas suplementadas com quimoatrativos para o camarão branco, Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

Fish meal is the main ingredient of protein constituent of the diets of Cameroon peneídeos, rich in essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA n-3), but it is an expensive and scarce ingredient, with a tendency, in the long term, reducing the levels of their inclusion by other ingredients of both animal and vegetable origin more economically viable. Such replacement may have recourse through antinutritional factors and an imbalance of essential amino acids are usually present in these ingredients’ substitutes, in problems of attractiveness and palatability, which can be mitigated through the use of food attractors. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the effect of the use of food baits as a strategy for reducing the use of fish meal in diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. For this purpose, a control diet (FS) was formulated with salmon meal containing 35% of crude protein and 3,925.5 kcal / k of energy. Another five isocaloric and isoproteic diets were formulated based on a 50% reduction in FS salmon flour, supplemented with 3% of ingredients tests (krill meal (FK), flour of Lula (FL), flour of liver of Lula (FFL) meal, head of shrimp (FCC), sardine hydrolysate (HS). 49 were used 1m³ tanks in an open area with seven tanks for each dietary treatment. A total of 4,998 juvenile shrimps with 1.75 ± 0.15 g (cv = 9%) were stocked at a density of 100 shrimp / m² and fed 8 times daily with a 2-hour interval using an automatic feeder for 70 days. All procedures described after a final maintenance above 90%, where the average was 93.5 ± 4.95%. Shrimp weekly growth, consumption and FCA do not affect the differences between the procedures (P> 0.05), with an average of 0.90 ± 0.10g, 12,4 ± 0,44g and 1.52 ± 0.11g, respectively. The final body weight gain was higher for the FS fed shrimp (11.68 ± 1.84g) compared to the other cares. Attractiveness data compensate for reduced fish meal and increase a more economically viable plant source, as zootechnical factors other than final body weight showed no affected differences between tests.