O planejamento estatal como instrumento para a efetividade da política pública de saneamento básico: um estudo sobre os serviços de esgotamento sanitário no município de Fortaleza/Ce

Abstract

This paper investigates the extent to which state planning can contribute to the effectiveness of public policies. To fulfill this objective, it selects the public policy of basic sanitation and conducts the study of municipal planning, in the area of sanitary sewage. It uses bibliographic research and the inductive method, as well as empirical data and reports scientifically produced by public agencies and civil society. The research elects the 1930s as the initial timeframe, from which the state intervention and centralization of government planning is accentuated, laying the foundations of the national-developmental state and the modernization of public administration. It goes through the trajectory of state planning, through the identification of the agencies responsible for planning and the various government plans. It addresses the planning process and its close link with public policy, which is one of its outcomes. From public policies, it emphasizes the importance of basic sanitation for a good quality of life of the population and for the environment, detailing the various forms of public service provision, the object of discussion about state participation and private initiative. Finally, it enters into the study of sanitary sewage in the city of Fortaleza / CE, analyzing the diagnosis and prognosis foreseen in the municipal basic sanitation plan, and identifying the alignment with the various global and sectoral plans of the federation entities involved, with regard to budget planning and execution, time horizons employed and setting objectives and goals. The delimitation of the study, with the focus on sanitary sewage, allowed to verify the low coverage rate: 61.73% in the capital of Ceará, 26.82% in the interior of the state and 52% in Brazil, indicating that the universalization of the service is a distant goal to be achieved. It also allowed the realization of the absence of a long-term global plan at the national level, and divergences between the national, the State of Ceará and the Municipality of Fortaleza / CE plans. The research concludes that state planning in Brazil still does not receive the proper attention of the Government and calls on public men, particularly the rulers, to fulfill this obligation of the State, directly responsible for the effectiveness of public policies.