O Mecanismo de Higgs e o setor eletrofraco do modelo padrão

Abstract

Particle Physics is the area of science that aims to study, understand and mathematically ground the physical properties of elementary particles and their interactions. One of the greatest achievements of physicists of the last century was the development of the so-called Standard Model (MP). The MP describes the physical properties of elementary particles (fermions) and their fundamental interactions (bosons), and their theoretical basis is built by the Quantum Field Theory (QFT). One of the successes of this area was the development of the Higgs Mechanism during the 1960s, which predicted the existence of the Higgs boson which was later detected at the” Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire” (CERN) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2012. Thus, this monograph work focuses on the study of the Standard Model of Particle Physics, specifically the Higgs Mechanism and the unification of weak and electromagnetic theories forming the electroweak interaction. We will present this unification through the Lagrangian formalism and observe the spontaneous symmetry breaking that occurs through the Higgs Mechanism.