Gestão integrada de infraestrutura civil em ambiente urbano: água e transportes

Abstract

Climate and the water cycle in urban regions have strong power over the development of cities, including engineering projects. With regard to urban water and transport infrastructure projects, these have been disassociated, reducing the overall view and interdependencies. Therefore, the development of methodologies, as presented in this paper, that allow the integrated management in the different civil infrastructure subsystems, is so significant. For the integrated methodology the following models were associated: climate model (current and future climate), hydrological and hydrodynamic model (infiltration and runoff), transient flow model in unsaturated porous medium and pavement stiffness model. After the characterization of the models and connection variables, the proposal was made for the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza (RMF), differentiating road pavements and urban pavements. In urban pavements, urban drainage structures and heavy rain events were considered, investigating a total of 33 scenarios of climatic conditions. For road pavements, different shoulder conditions (0.0 m; 0.5 m; 1.0 m; 1.5 m), water level depths (3.0 m; 3.5 m; 4) were studied. , 0 m; 4.5 m), varying thickness of asphalt coatings (2.0 cm; 5.0 cm; 10.0 cm) and three rainy periods (above average, below average, average), totaling 144 scenarios . The climate change forecasts for the 21st century (2031-2070) in the RMF considered 5 climate change models based on the CMIP5 Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios 8.5 and 4.5. In integrated modeling for urban pavements, even under water depth conditions up to 1.0 m, there were no significant variations of moisture in the constituent layers of the pavement, so only the effects on flow variations for the pavements were studied. climate change scenarios in order to verify the performance of drainage infrastructures. Under these conditions, climate change models indicate an increase in flows of up to 600%, which may lead to more flooding events in the region. For road pavements, the performance analysis showed an estimated 1.0 to 5.6 years lower structure life than the model without considering climate variability, indicating that without the integrated methodology, the project could be undersized. Climate change models point out that, for RMF, average rainfall should be reduced and years of above average rainfall will be less frequent. In general, it was observed that the integrated methodology provides gains in the development of infrastructure projects.