Medições das propriedades básicas do solo de sistemas agrícolas a partir de sistemas remotos

Abstract

It is known that irrigated agriculture is responsible for a great demand of the water used in the world, so the development of innovative solutions that can help the efficient management of this vital resource is of great importance. The automated handling of agricultural irrigation made via sensing the humidity, pH, soil resistance, temperature and ambient light can result in up to 80% water savings. Other important properties such as pH, salinity, soil temperature and luminosity also influence agricultural productivity. Thus, the objective of this work was to: (i) create and calibrate the sensors for humidity, pH, soil resistance, soil temperature and ambient light, and (II) create a remote station to send wireless data. For the development of the prototype, it was necessary to calibrate each sensor separately. For the soil moisture sensor, the gravimetric method was used, requiring only soil samples and a precision scale, where the moisture is calculated as a percentage of water per dry soil sample. The soil resistance sensor uses a technique known as a voltage divider, thus knowing the input voltage and the output voltage and with a known resistance determines the resistance of the ground. The pH sensor uses the electrochemical properties of the metals to generate an electrical voltage between two electrodes made of different metals, for which two fixed pH buffers were used. Already the sensors of temperature of the ground and luminosity is used the function made available by the manufacturer. The functions of each sensor are implemented in the atmega 328p which will remotely send reading from the sensors to a collector base. Therefore, aiming at more quality in irrigation control and, consequently, the improvement in production with low investment, this project will allow to manage and to act with the appropriate specialized treatment and to provide the necessary and sufficient monitoring for the water management in irrigation systems.