Análise cariotípica em espécies da tribo Caesalpinioideae (LEGUMINOSAE)

Abstract

Leguminosae family is one of the largest group of plant existing today, surpassed only by the families Orchidaceae and Asteraceae. It's Distribution occurs across all the globe, particularly in tropical regions of the Americas, Africa and Asia, with few representatives in temperate zones. In Brazil, is distributed in all phytogeographic areas, being composed of more than 200 genera and 2700 species, having different ecological and economic functions. To facilitate comprehension, the group was divided into three subfamilies: Caesalpinioideae , Papilionoideae (Faboideae ) and Mimosoideae. Caesalpinioideae presents as a group with heterogeneous and difficult classification because of paraphyletic caracteristic. Nevertheless, Caesalpinioideae is subdivided into four tribes: Cercideae, Caesalpinieae, Cassieae and Detarieae. The chromosome study of such species have great importance to the fields of systematics and evolution. The referent work search: a) present the chromosome numbers for the species Bauhinia cheilantha, Bauhinia pentandra, Cenostigma macrophyllum, Pterogyne nitens and Tachigali vulgaris; b) Check and compare the chromosome numbers obtained with those already described for the species Bauhinia forticata, Bauhinia monandra, Bauhinia ungulata, Libidibia ferrea, Poincianella microphylla, Poincianella pyramidales and Parkinsonia aculeata; c) Describe the size and morphology of the chromosomes of each species. The results indicate unpublished data to B. cheilantha (2n = 28), B. pentandra (2n = 28), C. macrophyllum (2n = 24), P. nitens (2n = 20) and T. vulgaris (2n = 24) and for other species the same presented in the literature was available. Moreover, the evaluation of karyotype asymmetry indices confirm the proximity of individuals of the genus Bauhinia (Cercidae Tribe) in a monophyletic clade, as already described in the literature. For individuals belonging to the tribe Caesalpinieae, the results are not conclusive due to the diverse number of genres analyzed, as well as the low number of individuals belonging to the same genres. Nevertheless, the figures point to a paraphiletic diversity among individuals of the Caesapinieae tribe according to the literature evaluated. Most complete studies should be performed, primarily with Caesalpinieae tribe, seeking to increase the number of species assessed.