Saúde do adolescente : ação educativa mediada pelo modelo de atividades de vida

Abstract

Nursing as an autonomous profession can perform different assistance care, for promotion or rehabilitation of adolescents' health based on their vulnerabilities. In this context, nurses can use nursing theories and models that focus on personal and individualized care seeking the quality of life. Based on this, we explain the thesis – The Roper, Logan and Tierney Nursing Model can be used as a group educational intervention with adolescents for health promotion in the school environment. Thus, the main objective of this study is to apply an educational strategy based on the Life Activities Model to promote adolescent health. This is a study with qualitative approach that used action-research, carried out in a municipal school in Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, with 25 adolescents in the first moment of the survey and 12 in the second. Data collection happened from April to June 2011. The instruments and procedures used were: observation, participant observation, field diary, filming, interview route and educational strategy. To structure the educational activity, we used the interview prepared with questions already recommended by the Ministry of Health for the adolescent care; however, we also included the elements of the Life Activity Model, being this the first moment of the study. The second moment was the educational intervention composed of eight workshops. Each one had a title as central theme, mediated by Dialogic Pedagogy, lasting an hour and a half once a week. To question the discussions, we used videos, such as advertising campaigns of the Ministry of Health on the topics to be discussed, and also media reports, they were characterized as important means to propose an initial reflection on the various topics discussed in the workshops. The legal and ethical aspects involving research with human beings were respected. In this study, the nursing model mediated an education practice, more systematic, characterizing it as a guide capable of adapting to the reality of adolescents in the school environment. The assumptions of the Roper, Logan and Tierney activity model supported the elaboration and implementation of this educational activity in a group approach. They provided a dialogue involving the experiences of that research group, being possible through the educational activity to discover the daily reality of each adolescent, allowing directing the guidance in both the intrinsic vulnerabilities of adolescence and for the group specific. Indeed, the implementation of workshops considered biological, psychological, sociocultural, environmental and political-economic aspects of the group and/or individual, which are influencing factors of the model. The educational approach provided the reflection since its context until the formation of "empowered" subjects. Although it is a group strategy, the concern is with the individual, consisting in an individualized care. In this context, we verify the need for creative actions on nursing practice, exploring theories and models in an attempt to gather the theory, practice and research triad.