Influência da aplicação de bioflocos e probióticos na melhoria da sustentabilidade e segurança alimentar na carcinicultura

Abstract

The requirement for fish increased and the aquiculture became essential to take care of this increasing demand for fish, shrimps and other organisms. The disordered growth of the activity caused many negative impacts to the environment and risks to the food safety. The farming of shrimps in the state of the Ceará has had problems with production below of the capacity due to environmental imbalances that cause shrimp diseases and harm companies. To minimize these problems, producers have used bioflocos and/or probiotics to improve zootechnical performance and environmental quality. It evaluated how the use of bioflocos and/or probiotics influences the improvement of sustainability and food safety of these enterprises. The study consisted of three shrimp farms that used probiotics, one in the semi-intensive, intensive and super intensive mode with the use of bioflocs. Emergy used to evaluate the economic and environmental profile and microbiological quality evaluation to evaluate the food safety of commercialized shrimp and water used. The application of probióticos in the systems presented improvement in all the emergy indexes analyzed, mainly in the reduction of environmental stress. The superintensive system with use of bioflocos was more sustainable than the other systems however it was below of its productive capacity. The shrimp marketed by all the farms had acceptable quality and safety water for the cultivation, being in agreement with the sanitary and environmental legislations. The semi-intensive system presented the highest concentration of enteric bacteria. Moreover, the superintensive system using bioflocs was the only one to present Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The evaluated shrimp farms need to incorporate, in addition to probiotics and bioflocos, more sustainable and sanitary actions to become more efficient.