Bioprospecção e análise nutricional de espécies de Ictiofauna encontradas em regiões do rio Itapecuru Rosário – Maranhão - Brasil

Abstract

Aquatic ecosystems hold valuable sources of food, energy and bioproducts. Studies related to these environments become important for economic development of communities, dependent on them, and can benefit from their sustainable exploitation. Fishing is a considerable part of the socio-economic importance of these sectors in aquatic ecosystems, and should be considered in the development of public policies for food security, social inclusion, poverty eradication and employment generation and income. However, the fisheries sector needs to be planned, focusing the planning, on generation of processed products (with aggregate value added), the conservation of exploited species and improving the quality of life of the people involved in their supply chains. This study evaluated the nutritional quality of the following species of native fish populations and targets of fishing activity in the Itapecuru River, Rosario-MA: Plagioscion squamosissimus, Geophagus surinamensis, Curimata sp, Prochilodus lacustris, dissimilis Schizodon, ucayalensis Ageneiosus and Hypostomus plecostomus by concentrating mineral components: calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, iodine, selenium, nickel and chemical composition of muscle tissue of the sampled specimens caught of the total catch, without size distinction nor sex, and selected only copies with good organoleptic conditions. Such species have significant abundance and considerable commercial value for the region. The average results of proximate analysis revealed the following variations between species: moisture 73.7% to 79.2%; total lipids, 0.2% to 6.8%, protein 18.6% to 23.0%; ashes, 0.8% to 1.8%; energy, 77-136 kcal / 100g. The species G. surinamensis showed a higher moisture content and ash, and lower energy value, indicating that the species with the highest mineral content between fished species. Copies of A. ucayalensis showed, on average, higher levels of total fat and higher energy value, while the species P. lacustris showed a higher percentage of protein. The comparison of the concentrations of minerals, determined for the seven species of fish investigated showed no statistically significant differences, suggesting that the eating habits of these fish do not exert influence on absorption. In parallel, the water quality of the Itapecuru River was investigated in the same passages and fishing periods, using protocols standard in the AQI-Cetesb. The results revealed that the river falls into the "good" and "regular" classes, revealing spatial differences between the sampling stations. The results of the work as a whole, allowed to increase knowledge about the protein and lipid value of native species, and provide subsidies for biotech and economic development of fisheries resources of the Itapecuru River and their respective areas of influence.