Estratégias psicossociais de enfrentamento à pobreza: um estudo sobre o fatalismo e a resiliência em pessoas residentes na zona rural brasileira

Abstract

This thesis has as main objective to analyze how fatalism and resilience interfere in psychosocial strategies to coping poverty of rural residents in Brazil. It starts from the consideration that life in conditions of poverty has implications for the ways in which subjects develop psychosocial strategies to face an adverse daily life and questions how fatalism and resilience interfere in these elaborations. This is a mixed study (quantitative and qualitative), developed with subjects living in rural areas of the states of Ceará and Paraná. The quantitative stage involved the application of a Questionnaire on the Measurement of Multidimensional Poverty and the Multidimensional Scale of Fatalism - Reduced (EMF) with 737 subjects. The qualitative step integrated the facilitation of 7 (seven) focus groups with a total presence of 79 participants. Descriptive statistical analysis, comparison of means (Student's t-test and Analysis of Variance), Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis were performed. The assessment of qualitative data was based on the Bardin Content Analysis proposal, mediated by the use of Atlas Ti 8.4 software. Pentecost appears with a higher incidence of multidimensional poverty considering the Multidimensional Poverty Measurement Index when compared to Cascavel. The subjects simultaneously experience various brand of deprivation in the form of multiple insufficiencies, such as food, housing structure and provision of leisure spaces in the community. The precariousness of access to public policies is a factor that makes the subject vulnerable to poverty and illness. The exposure of subjects to repeated frustrated experiences in crosssing poverty in daily life fosters fatalism, which manifests itself through contents of divine control, predestination, pessimism and presentism. The helplessness derived from poverty intensifies mystical thoughts, low critical reflexivity and the analytical simplification of facts. Poverty also weakens access to factors that contribute to the expression of sociocommunity resilience. Neighborhood relations are highlighted as a relevant source of social support, permeated by feelings of mutual trust and based on moral codes with emphasis on the search for survival. The participants demonstrated an understanding of the act of confronting how to face poverty, which ends up contributing to discuss the experiences of deprivation as something that must be combated through strictly individual effort. These thoughts favor guilt and point out that analytical-emotional detachment and conformism are a consequence of the intensity of poverty. It concludes that the overlapping, continued and common character of a collectivity, typical of rural poverty, negatively impacts on the expression of the factors of sociocommunity resilience, leaving the subjects vulnerable to fatalistic conceptions. Psychosocial strategies for coping with poverty suffer interference from fatalism and resilience because these are indicators of what is or is not being assured to the subject so that, from a community perspective, it can reach the horizon of transformation.