Geração de mapas de vulnerabilidade natural e ambiental na escala de semi-detalhe (1:50.000) para a sub-bacia B2 do rio Cocó, Município de Fortaleza, CE

Abstract

The Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza (RMF), in the Ceara State, has an urban growth marked over the past decades, which comes to causing significant modifications, such as, for example, the disorderly occupation in areas potentially vulnerable to environmental degradation. These spaces, which at over the years has been advanced, feature waterproofed soils and increased runoff of wastewater, in addition to the inappropriate arrangement of garbage as serious problems resulting from the increase of the urban areas to the surrounding environments previously occupied by vegetation. The Coco River, belonging to the basin of the same name, presents a significant importance for the Fortaleza to be, among the municipalities drained by the watershed of the Coco River, the city that has the largest drainage area (with approximately 60% of its territory). The call to the sub-basin B2 is one of the most important regions of the Coco River basin, both due to its extension and its location, as it is densely urbanized and presenting various problems such as those described previously, in addition to being limited by the area of environmental protection, thus making it an environment prone to the study of environmental modifications. These transfonnations of the landscape can be perceived and analyzed by means of tools from Remote Sensing, which enable the study of a given area without the need to know it in a direct way, saving this way time and financial resources. With the use of satellite images of high spatial resolution sensors SPOT-5 and RapidEye, this work has as main goal the generation of thematic maps (geology, geomorphology, vegetation, pedological, use / cover), from the images of the Coco River basin, specifically the sub-basin B2 as instruments in the final production of Vulnerability Maps to Natural and Environmental as a source of support in the delineation of most vulnerable points, or even susceptible to the use and occupation of unsuitable soil. We could conclude that the generated maps are important tools in the identification of arcas with high environmental vulnerability, and the main problem refers to the occupation of the land unstable, inadequate housing, these arcas of greater environmental vulnerability.