Solução de gerenciamento e controle de carga distribuído para gestão de energia elétrica residencial

Abstract

This work focuses on solving the management and control of distributed loads within an optmization schedule for electrical loads dispatch respecting users confort goals while minimizing the overall cost for electrical energy. An integer linear programming model was developed that controls startup times for every load whilst simultaneously keeping minimal electrical energy cost and maximum user confort. Electrical loads are categorized as controllable and non-controllable, the non-controllable loads are added to the problem restrictions, while the controllable loads are displaced in time by the smart controller. Four types of tariffs are used, each representing a different demand response of the type price-based incentive in a demand side management structure that respects an utility restriction, the maximum electrical demand for the household. Four distinct scenarios were presented based on the selected tariff models, on the first scenario the controller capacity to dispatch loads is acknoloedged, in a single and constant tariff, with a varying demand restriction to load allocation. On the second scenario a price-based incentive for a single block of time is introduced, simulating a restriction request by the utility for demand in this particular time period, the demand restriction to the household being kept the same. The third scenario focuses on the response to a free-market tariff (time of use), where the utility applies a day-ahead tariff scheme. Finally on the fourth scenario the controller response to the white tariff proposed in the brazilian electrical market is prsesented. The mathematical background proposed shows the possible dispatch for electrical loads in an optimal situation, offering global cost reduction up to 12%, without deeply interfering with comfort. The optimizer also shows the possible response methods to price based incentives in a demand side management program, thus dispatching appliances in accordance to the type of incentive given.