Perfil Químico e Atividade Citotóxica dos extratos de folha, galho e casca de baraúna: abordagem metabolômica e quimiométrica

Abstract

The baraúna, Schinopsis brasiliensis, is a plant belonging to the Brazilian flora, typically found in the caatinga biome. The use of its leaves and bark for the treatment of various health dysfunctions such as cough, flu, diarrhea, inflammation of the throat and sexual impotence are reported. However, there is little knowledge about the metabolic fingerprint comparison of the three parts of the plant, both from the chemical and pharmacological point of view. A total of 44 compounds, including isomers, were identified in the leaf, branch and bark samples, in which 16 compounds were first identified in the species as corilagine and chlorogenic acid, through liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in high resolution (UPLC-QTOF-MSE). Principal component analysis (PCA) was able to distinguish efficiently the metabolomic differences between each section of the plant. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminatory analysis (OPLS-DA) along with the S-Plot, VIP and Heatmap graphs were used to identify 23 biomarkers compounds, which may be associated with the best cytotoxic activities performed by leaf and bark. The bark presented the lowest value of IC50 for the SW-620 strain, in addition to the best values of selectivity index for several strains. These results demonstrated a significant potential of the plant that can contribute to the aggregation of value to this biodiversity asset.