Estudo de caso utilizando imagens de satélite na análise de cicatrizes de fogo

Abstract

The Fire has always been present in the history of mankind and with the passing of the generations mechanisms have been developed to handle it and to enjoy it. In agriculture, fire has become one of the most effective ways of preparing and managing the soil. However, the impact of fire through forest fires causes great damage to the biodiversity of a region. Thus, it was necessary to monitor these events through tools such as remote sensing for the measurement and evaluation of the fires. The objective of this study was to analyze, through images from the Landsat 8 satellite, the heat sources detected in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza for the periods from 2015 to 2018 and subsequent evaluation of the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) in the vegetation cover. With the aid of the INPE (National Institute of Space Research) burnout database, the heat sources were obtained for the period and through the acquired satellite images, were processed using the Quantum Gis software and assigned the calculation of the NDVI for vegetation estimation. Considering the results obtained, the year of 2015 presented with greater amounts of heat sources in the region and in consonance with the year 2016, with the lowest NDVI indexes, characterizing a great retreat of the vegetation. Factors such as the scarcity of rain and large numbers of winds in the years 2015 and 2016 corroborate the appearance of fires and are evidenced by the images of the satellite Landsat 8. With the regularity of rainfall from 2017, the caatinga biome, characteristic of the region, has already presented a significant recovery in relation to the data obtained by the use of NDVI. Remote sensing and NDVI are presented as tools to aid in better knowledge about the fire regime, its behavior and effects on the caatinga.