Estudo da associação entre a acromegalia e a presença da mutação BRAFV600E e a expressão imunohistoquímica de IGF-1 e galectina-3 no carcinoma papilífero de tireoide

Abstract

Epidemiological studies suggest that thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm in acromegalic patients. At this moment there are no reports of studies evaluating molecular markers of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in this population. OBJECTIVES: The present work aimed to evaluate the association between acromegaly, expression of the mutation BRAFV600E, immunohistochemical markers (galectin-3 and IGF-1), and clinical-pathological characteristics in acromegalic patients with PTC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from January/09 to December/2011, where 11 acromegalic patients with CPT, from 5 Brazilian centers of reference in the treatment of acromegaly were compared with 45 patients with acromegaly without PTC. We evaluated clinical and histopathological variables of PTC. We used histological PTC embedded in paraffin for mutation study BRAFV600E and immunohistochemical analysis of markers IGF-1 and galectin-3. In the analysis we used the Student t test and chi-square test (SPSS software, version 13.0 for Windows) (p <0.05). RESULTS: The average age of acromegalic patients with PTC was 61.5 ± 6.02 years and 72.7% were female. The average time of diagnosis of acromegaly was 7.7 ± 3.90 years, and the interval between diagnosis of acromegaly and PTC was an average 3.4 ± 2.71 years. The serum levels of IGF-1 in the diagnosis of acromegaly PTC was 417.0 ng / mL. There was no difference in the TNM (Tumor, Nodule, Metastasis) and AMES prognostic index (Ages, Metastasis, Extent, Size) between groups. There was a higher prevalence of the BRAFV600E mutation (90.9% vs 55.6%, p = 0.039) and stronger immunohistochemical expression for IGF-1 (88.9% vs 38.1%, p = 0.017) in acromegaly. There was no difference in the expression of galectin-3 between the groups. CONCLUSION: This work for the first time showed a high prevalence of mutations in BRAFV600E in PTC of acromegalic patients superior to those described in the population with PTC in this and previous studies (approximately 40%). However, this mutation was not associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype, which differs from the findings in acromegalic population without PTC. We conclude that acromegaly is possibly associated to a mutation BRAFV600E in acromegalic patients with CPT. Further studies are needed to define the mechanisms responsible for this association.