Efeitos biológicos induzidos pelo veneno total de Tityus serrulatus e suas frações TsTx-V, toxina gama e peptídeo natriurético

Abstract

The venom of Tityus serrulatus has a mixture of toxic and non toxic peptides presenting diverse systemic and local effects. The aim of this work was to investigate the cardiovascular and renal effects promoted by the crude venom of the scorpion Tityus serrulatus and its isolated components such as Tityus serrulatus toxin V (TsTx-V), Gamma Toxin and the newly isolated Natriuretic Peptide. The experiments of isolated perfused rat kidney, isolated mesenteric bed, arterial pressure and in vivo perfusion were performed using male Wistar rats weighing 250-300g. The assays with vas deferens were done using Swiss mice weighing 30-40g. The crude venom presented autonomic nervous system effects showed by the contraction of vas deferens. Adrenergic effects were demonstrated specially with the decrease of renal vascular resistance (RVRVTs = 7.51 ± 0.96 vs RVRPz = 5.51 ± 0.43 mmHg/mL.g-1.min-1*,*p<0.05) and renal perfusion pressure (PPVTs = 150.1 ± 18.40 vs PPPz = 118.1 ± 4.00 mmHg*,*p<0.05) induced by the crude venom after kidneys pre-treatment with prazosin. The venoms isolated components showed kidney addictional effects, where TsTx-V caused diuresis while Gamma Toxin increased perfusion pressure. We could also observe the presence of protein inside the tubules and in glomerular spaces after renal histopathologic evaluation in the groups treated with the isolated components. However, only Gamma Toxin promoted an increase of the mesenteric bed perfusion pressure. The Natriuretic Peptide (0.03 and 0.1µg/mL) increased renal perfusion pressure. In addition, the natriuretic peptide increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) urinary excretion, but reduced electrolytes reabsorption in a dependent-concentration manner. The crude venom and the natriuretic peptide increased the arterial blood pressure, but decreased the hematocrit values, evaluated after in vivo experiments. However, the natriuretic peptide increased urinary flow and heartbeat frequency. In vivo renal function was evaluated by the clearance of inulin. The scorpion crude venom decreased the clearance of inulin, but this parameter was increased after natriuretic peptide treatment. The renal cortex blood flux, estimated by the clearance of p-aminohippurate, was reduced after the crude venom treatment. In conclusion, we demonstrated that Tityus serrulatus venom induced renal hemodynamic effects that were blocked in vitro by prasozin. In vivo experiments showed how the crude venom and its isolated components act increasing arterial blood pressure, heartbeat frequency and altered renal function.