Prevalência dos fatores de risco para o câncer cervical em mulheres atendidas em um serviço de ginecologia

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors for cervical cancer in women attending a gynecological service. Prevalence study with a quantitative approach, of the type descriptive, exploratory, documental, retrospective, carried out in a Health Unit linked to the Pro-Rectory Extension of the Federal University of Ceara, in the period from April to May 2018 with a sample of 654 women's medical records attended from January to December 2017. A structured form, composed of variables of identification, general history, gynecological, sexual and obstetric data of the users of the service and the evaluation of the discontinuity in the early detection of cervical cancer, was used as instrument for data collection. The data analysis was performed through the frequency distribution tables that summarized the information contained in the charts analyzed. Sociodemographic variables, main complaint, obstetric data and periodicity of the cervical cancer screening were analyzed through absolute frequencies and their respective percentages (%). In order to verify the existence and characteristics of cervical lesions by human papillomavirus, the research associated the risk factors of the patients and the diagnoses obtained after the medical consultation. The cluster analysis (non-hierarchical method k-means) and the chi-square test were applied to the calculated indices after the construction of the Risk Factors Exposure Index (IEFR). Ethical aspects of research involving human beings were respected, according to Resolution 466/2012. With regard to the sociodemographic profile, the majority (75.8%) of the women had ages between 25 and 64 years old, were married (37%), from the home (17.2%) and had completed elementary and middle school or were attending (63.9%). Regarding BMI, there was a prevalence of 20.1% who were overweight. 50.3% sought service only when they presented gynecological complaints. Regarding obstetric data, 60.4% of the women had one to four pregnancies, and had one to three deliveries (55.8%). Regarding the risk factors associated with the presence / absence of more relevant cervical lesions, 431 women reported having started their sex life with less than 18 years. 287 women did not take the preventive examination annually, 186 used hormonal contraceptive method and 94 used the condom. 53.6% stated that they underwent cervical cancer preventive exam (PCCU) in less than or equal to three years. The accomplishment of this study resulted in the increase of knowledge about the risk factors for cervical cancer.