Ensaios sobre participação e oferta de trabalho dos moonlighters no mercado de trabalho brasileiro

Abstract

This dissertation is composed of two articles. The first, entitled "Participation in the Multiple Employment Market: An Analysis for Rural and Urban Environments", examined the factors that condition participation in the multi-employment market and found wage discrimination with an emphasis on gender differences. This study is based on data from the Demographic Census of the year 2010, the sample being composed of people aged 16 to 65 years, with occupational status not occupied or occupied with one or more of a job. The Biprobit model was used to estimate the probability of participation in labor supply and participation in the multiple job market. To verify the existence of discrimination in the secondary market, it is made use of wage decay, proposed by the method of Oaxaca-Blinder (1973). The results show that rural male and female moonlighters, married, heads of household, with children over five years of age and residing in the South, are more likely to participate in the multi-job market. As for the urban zone, moonlighters with children, couples with no children and heads of families are more likely to be included in the secondary market. The Northeast is the region with the highest incidence of participants in this market segment. The education variable has a positive effect on moonlighters' salaries, but this effect is not reflected in a proportional way, since women in the rural and urban areas participating in the secondary market have on average a larger number of years of study than men, however, the impact of education does not reflect an egalitarian effect on earnings, noting wage discrimination in the multi-employment market. The second chapter entitled "Participation and job offer for the second job: an analysis for the Brazilian agricultural sector", focuses on investigating the probability of participation and estimating the second-hour job offer among workers in the sector considering the socioeconomic characteristics of the people and the characteristics of the work. For this study, data from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) for the year 2014 are used. The econometric modeling used to reach the proposed objectives results in the estimation of the Probit models for the decision to participate in the market of multiple jobs, model Tobit for allocation of working hours and Double-Hurdle model, that jointly estimates the two equations: decision in participate in the job market of multiple jobs and the provision of hours for the second job. From the results, it can be highlighted as one of the main factors for the decision to participate in the secondary market: experience, schooling and head of household status. To decide the number of hours offered in the second job, it is worth noting the experience, schooling, being married and having children and stability in the first job. In the Duble hurdle model, the stability variable in the first job decreases the probability of participating in the secondary market. In the equation of time supply, the coefficient of the stability variable expressed positive sign, that is, behaving in a way to increase labor supply, this result corroborates the researches of Casari and Bacha (2011) and Sousa (2017).