Método de avaliação do impacto do BRT na acessibilidade e equidade: estudo de caso em Fortaleza

Abstract

Socio-spatial segregation conditions urban development and consists of a phenomenon that originates in social inequalities. This produces a direct impact on the transport system, which also affects the organization of space, in an interaction process. The problem of the inequity of access to transport aggravates socio-spatial segregation and is a new challenge for Transport Planning. It’s growing, in the assessments, the incorporation of non-monetary and socioeconomic impacts, especially in urban contexts that present deep social disparities. Given this fact, this master’s thesis seeks to contribute to the discussions on equitable access to public transport and proposes a method for ex-post evaluation of the impacts of transport infrastructures on accessibility and equity. The aim is to contribute, in this regard, with the understanding of accessibility issues, complementing the existing methodologies. The application of the proposed method, in a case study in the city of Fortaleza, allows comparing scenarios before and after the implementation of a BRT corridor. It was possible to identify a positive impact on generalized accessibility, with a significant improvement for approximately 60% of the local population. However, there was no significant improvement in 63% of low-income areas, which reveals spaces with social-spatial exclusion. The results show that the implemented infrastructure did not reach the social function of transport, with little improvement in vertical equity. Therefore, the diagnosis is coherent with the current planning strategies, usually geared towards the market, with investments in mobility, for example, in central areas or to support the performance of mega sport events.