Prospecção de espécies de solanáceas para resistência ao nematoide das galhas

Abstract

Because they are widely cultivated, species of the Solanaceae family are affected by many pathogens that cause many direct damage on the root system affecting the shoot. Among the pathogens, the nematode galls is very significant because it harms the culture establishment, reducing its production capacity. This work objectived to select species of Solanaceae family to submit tolerance or resistance traits to nematode galls. For this two tests were conducted. In both were evaluated eight solanaceous species: 1) Tomato Group Santa Cruz 'Santa Clara' (susceptible to nematode galls); 2) Tomato Hybrid 'T92'; 3) Cherry Tomato Group 'Carolina' and 4) Cherry Tomato Group 'Orange'; 5) Solanum Aethiopicum 'Long Grande Rio'; 6) Berinjeleira 'Long Purple'; 7) Pimenteira 'Cayenne'; and 8) Pimentoeiro 'All Big'. These species were subject to two treatments, infested and uninfested by Meloidogyne incognita. Were done six replicates per treatment, each one these replicates with a plant per test. In the first test were evaluated the number of galls and the number of egg masses per root, shoot plant height, fresh weight of root 60 days after inoculation. In the second test evaluated the reproduction rate 130 days after the inoculation, number, total mass and average fruit weight, productivity and physiological aspects by species/cv. in both tests. It can be observed that the tomato plants 'Carolina', 'Orange' and 'Santa Clara' as well theeggplant and the jiló showed the greatest M. incognita infestations, because the highest average number of galls, number of egg masses and reproduction factor. In contrast, the hybrid 'T92', the pepper and the bell pepper showed up practically free of nematode galls and eggs. As to productivity, except the tomato 'Santa Clara' that showed a reduction in the production of fruit plants grown in infested treatment, all other species and their cultivars didn‟t present differences between the two environments cultivation treatments (infested and uninfested). Based on the observed results it is concluded that the hybrid tomato "T-92, the pepper 'Cayenne' and bell pepper 'All Big' are immune and the cherry tomato and „Orange‟ and „Carolina‟, eggplant and jiló are tolerant to M. incognita.