Desempenho operacional do conjunto mecanizado trator implemento na operação de escarificação

Abstract

Agricultural mechanization has brought many benefits to agriculture, for example, it enables farmers to work in ever larger areas, increases productivity and reduces the painful activities characteristic of agriculture. However, the increase in mechanized operations has caused some negative effects on the soil, among them, compaction. Scarification is the operation performed to break compacted layers of soil, improving their physical properties. In order to carry out the scarification operation with satisfactory performance, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the worked soil, correctly adjusting the tractor-scarifier assembly. In this context, the depth of work, the spacing between rods and the speed of displacement of the machined assembly are factors that influence its effectiveness. In this way, the present work had the objective of evaluating the operational performance of the tractor-scarifier mechanized set as a function of the displacement velocity, the spacing between rods and the width of the tips. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará. A 4x2 TDA 88.26 kW (120 hp) tractor was used to perform the tests, and a five-steeled chisel washer equipped with an automatic trip safety system, a scraper roller and cutting discs. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design (2 x 2 x 3), consisting of two tips in the scarifier (narrow and winged), two velocities (4 and 6 km.h-1) and three spacings between the stems (0.30, 0.40 and 0.49 m), at a depth of 0.30 m, with 4 replicates, totaling 48 experimental units. Each plot measures 60 m2, being 20 meters long by 3 meters wide. The following parameters were measured and analyzed: displacement velocity, effective field capacity and field efficiency. When analyzing the obtained values, it was verified that the increase of the spacing implied in the increase of the effective field capacity and the field efficiency; the type of tip did not influence the results obtained for speed of displacement, effective field capacity and operational efficiency; and the use of higher speed did not result in greater field efficiency.