O discurso da crise: análise semiótica de estratégias persuasivas em capas de jornais publicadas durante o governo Dilma Rousseff

Abstract

Based on the cover analysis of three of the most prominent newspapers in Brazil, this paper aims to analyze the mobilization of persuasive strategies in the emergence of the speech attached to the economic crisis during Dilma Rousseff administration. After the 2014 elections, the political-economic scenario in the country intensified due to political polarization and economic recession, made official in August, 2015, with the announcement of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Thus, it is assumed that the way this scenario is comprehended by the media reflects in the perception of the country at that moment and, of course, in the way in which the isotopy of the crisis was architected by each newspaper discursively, with a view to certain effects of meaning. The challenge, however, is to unveil the mechanisms of discourse in these texts to guarantee their efficacy and - persuasively - to direct signification towards certain interpretation simulacra. To achieve this, we take as a theoretical-methodological framework the Discursive Semiotics, as it allows us to understand both the process of generation of meaning and the way in which the speeches are structured enunciatively, in function of the varied strategies. It is in the wake of these strategies that the concepts of persuasion can be thought of (GREIMAS, 1975; 2014; GREIMAS; COURTÉS, 1979; MENDES, 2009; LANDOWSKI, 2014); discourse in act (GREIMAS, 1979, 1975, 2014; FIORIN, 1998; SARAIVA, 2012, FONTANILLE, 2008); and, by virtue of the very object of this research, syncretism (FLOCH, 1987; TEIXEIRA et al., 2009; BEIVIDAS, 2012; CORTINA et al., 2014). Only then, it is possible to envisage the linking of the thematic routes of the economy and politics in the syncretic game of each cover, where the notion of crisis presents itself as a piece of an incontestable reality for the public. In addition, the true power of the persuasive character mobilized in these texts lies precisely in the undeniable axiology that the discourse constructs. It is possible, then, to question the size of the crisis, but not its existence and the fact that it is also political, which reveals ideological positions of each newspaper in addressing such issues.