Diagnóstico dos transtornos do espectro autista no lactente: uma revisão sistemática sobre preditores, marcadores e testes diagnósticos

Abstract

Introduction:According to estimates by the World Health Organization and the CDC's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network, the prevalence of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has increased significantly in recent decades, reaching today approximately 1 in every 68 children. Objective:To identify the state of knowledge regarding markers, predictors and early diagnosis of ASD (0-23 months of age). Methods:A search was conducted for articles published in the PubMed Central: PMC scientific literature database, using the “autism spectrum disorder” and “early diagnosis” search algorithms. The following inclusion criteria were observed: articles describing predictors and early markers, as well as methods of diagnosis of ASD in infants. Exclusion criteria: articles that did not directly address the theme of the study, articles on diagnosis in other age groups, and literature reviews. Results: A total of 193 articles were found using the search algorithms chosen and selected for relevance. Of these, 65 documents were considered eligible and submitted to the full text review; of which 42 met the inclusion criteria:16 with predictors, 9 with early markers and 16 with diagnostic tests for ASD in infants. Conclusions: There is still a need to strengthen evidence for the clinical practice of ASD diagnosis by 2 years of age. The findings of this study regarding predictors, early markers and diagnostic tests are intended to facilitate the detection and early intervention in these patients by health professionals.