Gastos públicos em educação : uma análise da eficiência técnica dos estados brasileiros e seu impacto sobre a desigualdade de renda

Abstract

Measuring the technical efficiency of services provided by public entities has been the subject of considerable attention in the national and international literature. However, at the national level there are few attempts to establish a relationship between efficiency and other social indicators. In this sense, the present work proposes to calculate the efficiency of the public expenditure of the Brazilian states with education, between 2005 and 2014, in order to verify the impact that the measure of efficiency exerts on income inequality. To fulfill this objective, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology is used here, together with a multiple regression estimated by Ordinary Least Squares. As variables used to compute efficiency, the GDP per capita of the states, the per capita expenditure with education, the number of teachers and the number of educational establishments were used as inputs; as the output variable of the model, we chose the result in the IDEB. For the multiple regression, the dependent variable used is the Gini Coefficient; the explanatory variables are the efficiency score obtained through the DEA, GDP per capita, social spending as a percentage of GDP and educational level. The results show that 17 states are at the efficiency frontier, and that the average efficiency level was 0.97. It has also been shown that, on average, it is possible to increase the result of the inefficient states by 8%. The coefficients estimated by the multiple regression for the efficiency and education score indicate a negative relationship between the variables and income inequality. On the other hand, for per capita GDP and social spending as a percentage of GDP the ratio is positive.