Estudo do custo de transação da implementação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos para as associações e cooperativas de reciclagem em Fortaleza - CE

Abstract

The increasing disposal of solid waste increasingly requires shared responsibility, leading to recycling associations and cooperatives to play an important role in reversing this situation. However, it is necessary to understand the existing barriers to increase the number of cooperatives, such as the costs of adapting these cooperatives to solid waste legislation. Thus, the present study seeks to elucidate the transaction costs borne by associations and recyclable cooperatives in having to adapt to the assumptions of the “Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos”. From the perspective of the New Institutional Economy, the present research had as methodology: to present theoretical framework on the Theory of Transaction Costs; describe a proposed method to measure transaction costs of the study; and subsequently identify the transaction costs incident to recyclable cooperatives, as well as discuss results that confirm the hypothesis that there are transaction costs incident to compliance with governmental regulations. The data collection was done by application of a semistructured questionnaire applied in the period of July and August of 2017 together with the managers of associations and recycling cooperative of the city of Fortaleza/CE, as well as for the manager of the “Cáritas Arquidiocesana de Fortaleza”, which encourages the sustainable local human development together with scavengers and the manager of the “Núcleo de Coleta Seletiva e Reciclagem da Secretaria Municipal do Urbanismo de Meio Ambiente de Fortaleza”. There were three groups of costs inherent to the process of formalization of solidary enterprises of collectors: collectivization costs, formalization costs and maintenance costs of the formalization condition. The group of costs related to collectivization is: “Cartório de Registros”, “Receita Federal” and “Prefeitura Municipal”; the group of costs related to formalization costs is: “Receita Federal”, “Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS)”, “Ministério do Trabalho”, “Junta Comercial do estado do Ceará”, “Organização das Cooperativas do Estado (OCE)”, to the “Corpo de Bombeiros”, “Secretaria do Estado da Fazenda (SEFAZ)” or other institutions. And to maintain the condition of formality the cost group is composed by: “Cartório”, “Contabilidade”, “Receita Federal”, “Corpo de Bombeiros” e “Prefeitura Municipal”. No value estimates were obtained due to the inexistence of the calculation memory of each step by the respondents.