O programa de saúde nas fazendas de camarão (PSF_CAMARÃO) e os seus impactos sobre os desempenhos produtivos e econômicos na carcinicultura familiar do baixo rio Pirangi, Ceará, Brasil

Abstract

Brazilian shrimp farming is an activity practiced mainly in the Northeastern States with predominance of micro and small farmers. From the 1970s to the beginning of the 2000s, shrimp farming in Brazil did not face significant problems with diseases, from semi extensive to semi-intensive and intensive activity, resulting in the highest global production yields of 6,080 kg/ha/yr in 2003. Since 2004 onwards with the emergence of viral diseases with the greatest negative impact, over production such as infection virus through infection in the Northeastern States and white spot virus (WSSV) starting in the South of the country and more in the Northeast, the Brazilian industry of cultivated marine shrimp has suffered a significant decrease in its productivity. This work aims to evaluate the productive and economic impact of shrimp health management cultivated through the Shrimp Farm Health Program (FHP_SHRIMP) implemented in January 2016 as a first project in the family shrimp farming of the lower Pirangi River, State of Ceará. A cause and effect study was carried out on the health management of shrimp cultured in 39 family operation that assisted by the program FHP_SHRIMP in comparison to 39 other family operations that weren’t assisted. Questionnaires for an evaluation of the efficacy of the program applied during the second half of 2016 and the beginning of the first semester of 2017, corresponding to the period of the outbreak of white spot disease (WSD) and operating with the white spot virus (WSSV). The results of the multiple linear regression analysis and Student's t-test showed that the productivity of family shrimp operations from the lower Pirangi River after the onset of white spot disease was positively and significantly influenced (p<0.01) by the FHP_SHRIMP and factors such as: survival, feed conversion, weekly growth and days of farming, were significantly (p<0.05) better in the assisted group when compared to the unattended group. Economic indicators analyzed: gross profit, net profit, profitability index, leveling point, and the time of recovery of invested capital were higher in the group assisted by the FHP_SHRIMP allowing the permanence in the activity in a stable and long term period. The results presented in this thesis demonstrate that the Shrimp Farm Health Program (FHP_SHRIMP) can effectively be implemented in a collective way by small farmers, contributing significantly to shrimp health and better yields or represent the way to a public health management policy for cultivated shrimp in Brazil.