Análise contextualizada do ensino da Termodinâmica

Abstract

The heat is present in any physical, chemical, biological phenomenon and other, which is important for the maintenance of life and their complex relationships. As an example of the importance of the heat, we can mention the simple fact of cooking food, thermal machines to do work, smoke sensors. Due to its importance, this monograph aims to analyze how some high school textbooks are addressing this issue specifically in thermodynamics. This analysis in the light of the constructivist theory of Ausubel, in the context of meaningful learning and PCNEM's (National Curriculum of Secondary Education). We performed the analysis of three textbooks adopted in public and private schools of secondary education in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará: Physics in Context, Topics in Physics and Fundamentals of Physics, respectively Publishers of FTD, Saraiva and Moderna. We try to identify how the idea of the first law of thermodynamics is addressed, if there is any connection to the everyday student, to insert new concepts there is concern its context, with the "baggage" of existing knowledge in the mental structure of the student. We also observed that the books meet the requirements of the MEC (Ministry of Education) transcripts through PCNEM as trainers of critical citizens. Sought still find the textbooks the presence of low cost experiments, conceptual maps, historical contexts; tools that could be added to the theory of meaningful learning. Finally, we prepared a proposal for a significant approach of the first law of thermodynamics, including the topics of heat, internal energy, work done by a gas, and the first law of thermodynamics. Which we hope will be useful for future physics teachers in secondary school.