Determinação das principais fontes de contaminação na região metropolitana de Fortaleza - Ce: uma perspectiva baseada nos níveis de hidrocarbonetos de petróleo em poeira urbana

Abstract

The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are part of a group of compounds called persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and have properties that have impacted the environment. Although this potential polluter is known, there are few studies on the distribution of PAHs in Brazilian ecosystems. This study aims to evaluate the sources of emissions of PAHs in urban dust, using PAHs as organic molecular markers, and also reasons diagnoses in capital of points as well as the metropolitan area of Fortaleza. This was done to determine the specific sources, but also to determine the concentration and PAHs class in urban dust and assess the potential risk that can cause these contaminants. We selected nine points of collection of material from Fortaleza, Maracanaú and Itaitinga and the sum of all PAHs found ranged from 2133.9 ng. g-1 to 228702 ng.g-1. The highest pollution levels were found outside the urban and industrial limits exemplified through P1C points - Av. Washigton Soares (7062.51 ng.g-1), P9C - rural Itaitinga (7731.2 ng.g-1 ) and P8C - Av. Abolition (5738.7 ng.g-1), worth mentioning that although the P1C and P8C points are inserted in a high daily flow of vehicles area mainly having strong evidence petrogenic sources and pyrolytic, the point with the highest concentration of pollutants was P9C, it is not inserted in the urban or industrial area, but in a rural area, the high value found is due by due to the use of biomass burning for domestic activities in the region, the presence of potteries as well as possible fires that are commonplace site.