O fenômeno das drogas no contexto de adolescentes escolares da rede pública

Abstract

Modernity brings significant advances in the field of health that are evidenced in indicators such as the increase in life estimates and the greater scope of technologies for coping with communicable diseases. On the other hand, it is increasingly evident the allocation of some social issues to health intervention, one of them being the use of drugs. When associated with adolescence, this phenomenon assumes a singular perspective in complexity by factors, such as the place that this population assumes in the society of production; the impacts on the provision of public services related to social security to attend to problems arising from drug use; And by the psychosocial affections for the family. Based on this, we intended to collaborate through this study with the analysis of factors related to the pattern of drug use by adolescents of public schools in the city of Fortaleza-Ceará and possible associations with violence suffered or perpetrated by adolescents. As for the method, it was an exploratory-descriptive study, whose sample was composed of 360 pre-adolescents (10 to 14 years) and adolescents (10 to 19 years) of both sexes, enrolled in municipal and state schools of fortress. We used a form to conduct the interviews and we process the data through STATA 13 software. We done the analysis through descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests served to identify possible associations between covariables and outcomes. Statistically significant were the results that presented p value <0.05 and CI = 95%. This study complies with Resolution 466/12, of the National Health Council, and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Ceará - CEP / UFC, nº 141/10. The adolescents interviewed were more often pardos (62.5%), evangelical (38.6%), living in their own home (67.5%), attending high school (41.1%) and nursing homes (38, 6%). As for the relationship with drugs, 34.4% have tried it, and the first experience usually occurs between 10 and 14 years. Of those who took drugs in the month, 63.6% used 1 or 2 times. The main drug of experimentation, use in the year and use in the month is alcohol. Drug use showed association with religion for experimentation (p = 0.001), use in the year (p <0.001) and use in the month (p <0.001). Being in high school demonstrated prevalences 3.24 times higher for experimentation, 4.62 times higher for use in the year and 5.19 times higher for use in the month. Single-parent families demonstrate a 1.83-fold higher prevalence for drug experimentation by the adolescent and family drug use raise the prevalence for experimentation (RP: 2.23), use in the year (RP: 3.01) and use in the month (RP: 3.94). The existence of places of use or trafficking resulted in a higher prevalence for experimentation (RP: 1.52). Consensual sexual intercourse up to 14 years increased the prevalence for use in the year (PR: 2.45) and use in the month (4.69) of drugs by adolescents. This prevalence also increased when the teenager practiced acts in conflict with the Law. The conclusion is that the multifactoriality of the phenomenon of drug use by adolescents requires both the integration of efforts of services linked to various public policies as well as investments for an infrastructural qualification of policies other than those prioritized in the National Plan to Confront Crack.