Uma proposta de reforma da estrutura partidária do Brasil com base no dever fundamental de participação política

Abstract

One of the crucial aspects of contemporary democracy is its ability to effectively represent the citizen, especially when it is considered that representation contributes to the improvement of citizenship and, ultimately, to human dignity. However, Brazil has undergone a similar process to what happens in Western countries: it is spoken over the reduction of the citizen’s interest in participating through the traditional channels — namely through the electoral process. With each election the number of abstentions and blank or void votes increases, and this is especially sur prising in a country like Brazil in which voting is mandatory. Moreover, it is possible to speak about electoral volatility, which can be understood as the constant alteration of the political party chosen by the voter so that in an election he opts for party “A”, in the subsequent election by party “C”, in the next election by party “B” and so on. Moreover, it is possible to speak of lowering the degree of representation from the moment citizens believe that elected representatives, no matter what their respective parties of origin, will always do the same thing. It is possible, in this context, to speak of representation failures due to the reduction of citizen participation by the electoral channel, which weakens the democratic system. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a re structuration of the political-legal system of participation and representation, since these elements correspond to the key features of contemporary representative democracy. In order to solve this problem, the proposal of restructuring the Brazilian electoral-party system is presented, focused on three aspects: 1) alteration of the open list system to closed list, with the objective of guaran teeing a greater ideological strength of the political parties; 2) prohibition of coalitions pro tempore and implementation of the concept of party federations, aiming at maintaining the party union during the exercise of the legislature; 3) the implementation of the obligation of launching candi dates, by the political parties, only after previous voting with the population. It is believed that with such changes there may be greater involvement of the citizen in the representative aspect of democracy by generating its direct participation within the party structure, as well as placing it as co-responsible in defining the directions of its own society through the exercise of their funda mental duty of political participation.