Residências integradas, multiprofissionais e em área profissional em saúde: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

The Residences in Health, whether Medical, Professional, Multiprofessional, Uniprofessional or Integrated, are configured as an invitation to the training of health professionals. In Brazil, Residences are shown as a relevant training process and one of the strategies of the National Policy of Permanent Education in Health. By Residencies in Health we can understand the programs in modality of education of post-graduation lato sensu, destined to the professions of health, in the form of a specialization course, characterized by in-service teaching, with a workload of 60 hours per week, a minimum duration of two years and on an exclusive dedication basis. The increase in the number of these programs in recent years leads us to think about the importance they have in the training of the Brazilian health professional. In addition to our country, we wonder if this formation process exists and how it is thought. This qualitative, exploratory-descriptive and documentary-based study had the purpose of studying the Residences in Health in its various modalities, excluding the Medical ones. An Integrative Literature Review was carried out, with the main objective of analyzing the state of the art of Integrated, Multiprofessional and Uniprofessional Health Residences in the period from 2006 to 2016, in the Portuguese, English and Hispanic languages. We evaluated 109 scientific articles, identified in the databases SCIELO, LILACS, MEDLINE and Portal of Periodicals of CAPES. A Thematic Analysis was performed to evaluate the results. It was possible to verify that the Residences in Health, in the Integrated and Multiprofessional modalities, seem to be eminently Brazilian; there is a diversity of authors investigating the theme and areas of concentration of scientific production in relation (South axis of Brazil and USA), and there is still a need to consolidate information on Residences, since the experiences are diverse. In terms of residency purposes, the main findings were: to favor the qualified insertion of young health professionals in the labor market, to complement the in-service learning projects of university programs, to contribute to high-quality safe health care, to form professional leaderships and, in the Brazilian case, defend the Brazilian health system. About the pedagogical project, some of the main educational domains of an american nursing residency program, such as shared decision-making with patients and families, interprofessional collaboration and improvement of service performance, were highlighted. In the case of the Residence in Family Health in Brazil, there are already clear recommendations about its political-pedagogical project. The reflections of mentor discuss about this important role in the conduct of the programs. Among the results of residences in vocational training were: personal belief of the egress in their ability to make a difference, increase of knowledge; development of communication skills and greater awareness of research needs. In Brazil, the National Movement of Residents has been producing speeches and practices in defense of the Sanitary Reform and the implementation of Brazilian health system, and highlighting more strongly the centrality of the difficulties encountered in the training process between training demands and demands for care actions, as well as the potency of the Residences as devices of changes of practices and potentiator of the formation of micropolitical agents in the construction of Brazilian health system. Finally, we perceive that there are many issues that are experienced in co-existence with challenges that still need to be overcome for an effective consolidation of Health Residences as strategies for training professionals and reorganizing health systems.