Atividade antimicrobiana de extratos vegetais de plantas do estado do Tocantins

Abstract

The research for new drugs efficient to combat of multiresistant bacteria infections is a great concern of the scientific world, since the report of the existence of strains resistant to penicillin followed by Kirby in 1966. Because to spread of resistant strains in hospital and outpatient and lessen records in recent years of new drugs with potential for control these infections. Thought to contribute to development of new drugs and isolament of molecules from plants with antimicrobial potential, was proposed screening of the hexane extract, 95 ° GL alcohol and 70% of six plants - Jenipapo (Genipa americana L.), -Folha da Fortuna (Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken), -Meracilina (Alternanthera cf. brasiliana (L.) Kuntze ), -Mangabeira (Lafoensia pacari St. Hil), - Mesocarpo do Babaçu (Orbignya spp.), - Bacuri (Attalea phalerata Mart.); against eight strains of bacteria, five Gram-positive and three Gram-negative strains. All dried extracts of each plant were obtained by masceração, followed by evaporation of the solvent and lyophilization. These extracts were solubilized in DMSO: H20 - 1:1 up to concentrations ranging from 1000 to 1mg/ml for microbiological evaluation, the technique of diffusion in agar, with deposit of 50μL of extract in wells of 6x8mm.The bacterias tested showed resistant for hexane extract of all plants, and addition of alcoholic extracts of leaves of A. brasiliana. The extracts alcoholic 95°GL and 70% of leaves of L. pacari and leaves of B. pinnatum inhibited growth of all species of bacterias, and showing halos of inhibition greater than 15mm and minimum inhibitory concentration - MIC of 250 to 1mg/ml. The alcoholic extracts and 95°GL 70% of mesocarp Orbignya spp inhibited the growth of gram positive bacteria, with halos of inhibition larger than 10 mm and less than 20 mm and MIC of 250 to 100mg/mL. The alcohol extracts 95°GL and 70% of G. americana fruit and the A. phalerata mesocarp and epicarp inhibited gram positive and gram-negative bacteria, but with resistance to some strains and demonstrate inhibition halos with 10 to 20mm and MIC of 1000 to 500mg/mL. The results of extracts of sap of G. American show inhibition halos between 10 and 15mm with MIC ranging from 1000 to 250 mg/mL. The alcoholic extract 70% form mesocarp of Orbignya spp was fractionated by chemical techniques guided by biological activity, followed by chromatography and bioautography, were obtained 24 fractions with antimicrobial activity potential. Thus, the most of extracts tested showed to be effective against pathogenic microorganisms, comprising a promising source of antimicrobial agents.