A produção de saber na interface entre os transtornos psiquiátricos e a espiritualidade: a perspectiva espírita em pauta

Abstract

Psychiatric disorders reserve mysteries in their etiology. To speak of mental health and of the pathologies of the psychic sphere, in a complex and extended way, implies to analyze several sciences, besides psychiatry. These sciences touch upon social, cultural, and spiritual issues, such as spiritualism. Psychiatry and spiritualism are found to approach the understanding and management of mental disorders. Therefore, we promote a system of production of knowledge in the interface between psychiatry and spiritism, in relation to psychotic disorders, dissociative disorders and depressive disorders, providing a dialogue between these two areas of knowledge and visualizing the spiritist perspective on this subject. The methodology of the object of study is qualitative, whose technique consists of collaborative research-action, through the realization of Reflexive Cycles. We seek, in the first instance, to establish a theoretical part through a rich bibliographical source: epistemologists, sociologists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists and spiritist authors, these being divided into the theoretical phases of research development - scientific paradigms, psychiatry and spiritism. In relation to psychiatry, we selected articles and more specialized works in the following databases: SCIELO, PUBMED and BIREME. The descriptors used were: psychiatric disorders, psychotic disorders, dissociative disorders, depressive disorders, religiosity, spirituality, mediumship and spiritism. The practical part of the research corresponded to the Reflexive Cycles, in which the participants - psychologists and psychiatrists, self-declared spiritists and students of spiritualism - were gathered for dialogues, whose theme was the disorders investigated. The meetings were recorded in audio and transcribed for a comprehensive analysis associated with the scientific literature and the spiritist, about psychiatric disorders in question. In the end, we consider that psychiatry has, in its praxis, a tendency towards the normalization of patients in psychic suffering, which opens space for a necessary expansion of the vision about the mental disorders. In the meantime, spiritualism reveals a scientific and rational character, proposing advances in relation to traditional science by considering psychic illness, in its deepest and most complex causes, belonging to the vision of being as an immortal and reincarnating spirit. The mind, from the spiritist perspective, is governed by a free will that converges to the responsibilities and consequences of the choices of the being in the midst of its evolutionary journey, these characteristics being often the first causes of the psychic illness. In this way, the etiological and therapeutic possibilities of the mental disorders evaluated are amplified. The Spiritist perspective has therefore shown us a complex and integrative character, since it has not disregarded other sciences that deal with the same issue, such as psychiatry, seeking, on the contrary, to add to these looks. In this way, we oppose the view of spiritual treatment as only complementary, because, according to the considerations raised, the spiritist treatment has a fundamental connotation for a more effective therapy, constituting, therefore, an integrative treatment. Therefore, the spiritist perspective configures as a new potential, that is, a theoretical-practical scientific prism in the care of patients with mental disorders.