Intervenção de enfermagem voltada à queixa de infertilidade na atenção básica

Abstract

In Brazil, law 9.263, of January 12, 1996, ensures assistance to Family Planning (FP). Though the assistance to infertile couples be also guaranteed in the context of assistance to FP, efforts are directed at thebirth control, keeping that clientele away from the primary care aimed at increasing chances of conceiving, in which stands out the guidance on the Basal Body Temperature (BBT) and cervical mucus. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of nursing interventions focused on complaints of infertility in primary care. A quasi-experimental study of before-and-after design, performed with 64 women assisted at the Lígia Barros Costa Center for Natural Childbirth/Center for Family Development (CPN/CEDEFAM), after being captured at the Family Health Centers (FHC) of the 3rd and 6th Regional Executive Offices (SER). Data collection occurred through interviews from May to November 2012, as well as by the application of the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) survey before, one week after, and three months after intervention, which consisted of the shared reading of an educational brochure on cervical mucus and BBT. We performed a simple statistical analysis using absolute and relative frequency, mean ( ), and standard deviation (SD). To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of women on BBT and cervical mucus, we used a Likert-type scale to rate the knowledge as none, limited, average, much, and extreme; attitude and practice as inappropriate, slightly appropriate, moderately appropriate, substantially appropriate, and absolutely appropriate. The Research Ethics Committee of Universidade Federal do Ceará appraised the research project in accordance with Resolution No. 196/96 and approved it under protocol No. 108/12. All the participants signed the Free and Informed Consent Form. The age of participants ranged predominantly between 18 and 30 years (45, 70.3%); as for the marital status, there was prevalence of stable union (63, 98.4%); regarding education, complete high school (32, 50%); and 27 (42.2%) women were unemployed, whose average per capita income was R$ 617.04. Fifty-two (81.3%) women were trying to get pregnant for a year or more; 46 (71.9%) had undergone previous treatments and examinations; and 25 (39.1%) had been pregnant at some point in life, of which 16 (25%) from the current partner. The unfavorable practices related to the conception were modifiable, with the highest prevalence of the use of lubricants (7; 11%). In the KAP survey conducted before the intervention, nearly half the participants did not show any knowledge (28, 43.8%); prevailing attitude and practice were substantially appropriate (44, 68.7%), and inappropriate/nonexistent (47, 73.4%), respectively. In the KAP survey immediately after the intervention, 18 (64.3%) had extreme knowledge; 28 (100%) absolutely appropriate attitude; and 25 (89.3%) had absolutely appropriate practice. In the KAP survey three months after the intervention, 7 (100%) demonstrated extreme knowledge, absolutely appropriate attitude and practice. Eight (12.5%) women achieved pregnancy, confirming the importance of the nursing intervention applied to the group.