Ensino de habilidades de leitura para o desenvolvimento da compreensão leitora: proposta de sequência didática para alunos de 9° ano da rede pública

Abstract

In the literate society in which we live, proficiency in reading is a fundamental condition for the insertion of the individual and for the effective practice of citizenship (Rojo, 2004; Brandão, 1997). Thus, the present research had as objectives identifying the main reading difficulties of 9th grade students of a public school in Fortaleza/CE, through the application of reading skills test, based on the SPAECE (Permanent System of Evaluation of Basic Education of the State of Ceará) Reference Matrix, in order to intervene on the obtained results. According to Solé (1998), despite the process of reading being internal, this ability can and should be taught. The basic theoretical reference of this work was formed from the studies on reading as a process of construction of meanings (Goodman, 1991, Smith, 2004, Leffa, 1996), reading comprehension (Kato, 1987, Kleiman 1998, Solé 1998), reading goals (Palincsar and Brown, 1984) and inference (Coscarelli, 2002; Marcuschi, 2008), along with the guidelines on language teaching provided by the National Curricular Parameters (PCN, in Portuguese) and the Portuguese Language Reference Matrix for the 9th year of SPAECE. The research presented here is descriptive and qualitative, culminating in an intervention, and was based on the proposal of Didactic Sequence of Dolz and Schneuwly (2004). As a starting point, a pre-test was applied according to the reading skills required by SPAECE, in two classes of 9th grade in a public school of Fortaleza-CE. This initial evaluation revealed important results for choosing experimental and control groups and for the preparation of reading workshops. At the end of the didactic sequence – which included eight reading skills development workshops – a post-test was applied for comparison purposes. Data were generated during the months of August, September and October of 2016 and 32 students participated (16 in the experimental group and 17 in the control group). Through observation of students’ participation in the workshops and comparing the percentage of errors among the tests performed, we found improvement in the students’ comprehension of most of the skills worked in the workshops, which highlights the relevance of teach reading through knowledge construction activities directed towards this purpose.