[6]-Gingerol e [10]-Gingerol modulam as alterações renais promovidas por modelo polimicrobiano de septicemia em ratos

Abstract

Acute renal failure (AFR) is one of the most complicated and critical events during the septic event, manifesting by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glomerular and tubular disorders, which contributes to worsening the prognosis and decreases in survival. [6]-gingerol and [10]-gingerol phenolic compounds are bioactive substances from ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). Such compounds own protective potential effect on renoprotection due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the modulatory effects of the [6]- and [10]-gingerol compounds on the renal damage triggered by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced ARF. Male Wistar rats (180-210 g) were divided into 6 groups (protocol. 45/14). The control groups (Sham) were induced to false surgery and subsequently treated with 2% Tween-80, [6]- or [10]-gingerol (25 mg/kg); AFR groups were induced by CLP process and subsequently trated with 2% tween-80, [6]- or [10]-gingerol (25 mg/kg, i.p.). The treatments were performed 2 hours before and 12 and 24 hours after induction. The biochemical parameters indicative of renal and tubular function, oxidative profile, antioxidant activity and gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators by RT-qPCR we evaluated. In addition, the metabolomic profile by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) assays and histological analysis were also performed. The polymicrobial infection altered considerably parameters related to renal function, decreasing CLCR (0.4±0.1 mL/min), FU (0.008±0.001mL/min) with reduction of the GSH content (13.55±1.3 μg/mg/prot.). Indeed, had an increased of the BUN (62.1±2.1mg/dL), PU:CUR (46.6±7.4 mg/dL), the LDH activity (383.7±80.2 U/L), the FENa (1.5±0.3%), renal MDA (1.725µg/mg prot.) and nitrite (61.5±9.5 nM/g prot.). On the other hand, TNF-α levels, and IL-1β were increased (1.4±0.1 and 5.5±0.8 relative expression, respectively), triggering kidney failure and decreasing the survival of animals. The treatment with both compounds [6]-gingerol and [10]-gingerol (25mg/kg) exerted protection on renal injury. Improved the CLCR (1.2±0.2 mL/min and 1.0±0.07 mL/min, [6]- and [10]-gingerol, respectively) and FU (0.01±0,001mL/min, 0.010±0.001mL/min, [6]- and [10]-gingerol, respectively) with increased GSH activity (26.22±2.0 µg/mg prot. and 24.06±3.5 µg/mg prot., [6]- and [10]-gingerol, respectively). In addition, the BUN (46.83±2.7mg/dL, [6]-gingerol), PU:CUR (22.95±7.18mg/dL and 21.58±4.29 mg/dL [6]- and [10]-gingerol, respectively), the LDH activity (212.7±30.85 mg/dL and 236.3±43.8mg/dL, [6]- and [10]-gingerol, respectively), FENa (0.6±0.1% 0.58±0.09% e [6]- and [10]-gingerol, respectively), renal MDA (0.7462±0.16 mg de prot., [6]-gingerol) and nitrite (36.6±4.1 nM/g prot. and 38.98±7.9 nM/g prot. [6]- and [10]-gingerol, respectively) were all decreased. Besides the inhibition of TNF-α transcription (0.865 e 1.030, [6]- and [10]-gingerol, respectively) and IL-1β (3.330 e 1.790, [6]- and [10]-gingerol, respectively), providing protection on kidney function and increased survival of CLP animals. In addition, the specific injury to kidney cells was confirmed by the expressive values of Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) in septic animals, which were blocked by compounds [6]- and [10]-gingerol. Improvement in renal morphology was correlated with increased survival of CLP animals after [6]- and [10]-gingerol treatment. The principal component analysis (PCA) reported phenotypic changed in the metabolic profile by metabolite discrimination among the sham, CLP and CLP groups treated with [6]- or [10]-gingerol. The 1H NMR approach indicated increased in creatine, allantoin, dimethylglycine (DMG) and taurine in the CLP group (P<0.05). In addition, the dimethylamine (DMA) and dimethyl sulfone (DMS) metabolites were more present in samples of CLP animals treated with [6]- and [10]-gingerol. The present study indicates that [6]- and [10]-gingerol has a nephroprotective effect on dysfunction, oxidative stress and renal proinflammatory process in polymicrobial sepsis. In addition to designating quantified metabolites in the urine as biomarkers correlated with the pathophysiology of sepsis with manifestation of renal failure.