Extração e caracterização do extrato de palma forrageira e avaliação do potencial antioxidante em modelo de lesão gástrica induzida por etanol

Abstract

The cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) is originally from Mexico, but is well suited to semi-arid conditions of the Brazilian Northeast. Their young stems called cladodes are normally consumed in the diet of Mexicans, and is also used in traditional medicine because of its beneficial properties popularly recognized (anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, etc.). Faced with these evidences, to the freeze-dried extract of cactus pear obtained in this study were performed: yield tests, in vitro cytotoxicity assay (MTT test); Chemical characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-QTOF); total antioxidant capacity (TAC); analysis of antioxidant enzymes: catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and in vivo analysis using the experimental model of gastric injury induced by alcohol 50% in rats Wistar. The extract encapsulated with maltodextrin was subjected to physical analysis of moisture, hygroscopicity, degree of caking and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to the results achieved, it was possible to obtain a yield of 2.30%. The MTT test showed that extract has no toxic effect cells (IEC-6 culture). They were detected by UPLC-QTOF, the presence of polyphenols such as flavonoids quercetin, rutin and isorhamnentina. NMR identified amino acids such as valine, threonine and organic acids such as gamma-aminobutyric acid. They were identified in the material 19.92 UAE. mg-1 of protein of SOD, 1,18 µmol H2O2 . mg-1 of protein . min-1 of CAT and 59,73 µM Trolox. g-1 DM de TAC. The encapsulation material was confirmed by SEM and was chosen proportion (2:1) maltodextrin: palm, respectively, with values 5.74% moisture, 1.48% hygroscopic and 48.34% of degree of caking. It has been observed in vivo, that pretreatment with palm extract, the three tested doses (1, 3 and 10 mg / kg), was able to significantly reduce the formation of gastric lesions and MDA levels. The results show that palm extract has antioxidant activity in an experimental model of oxidative stress with 50% alcohol.