Evo Morales e os horizontes da hegemonia nacional-popular e indigenismo na Bolívia em perspectiva comparada

Abstract

The present dissertation seeks to understand the way through which the indianist and national-popular elements articulate themselves in the current historical block led by the government of Evo Morales and to compare it under this point of view with five previous Bolivian critical conjunctures. The underlying hypothesis of this work is that the turmoil of the years 2000-2005 marked a collapse in the hegemony of the previous historical block and the ascension of a counter-hegemonic movement that was able to rearticulate itself through the redemption of the memory from the national-popular and indigenist horizons present throughout Bolivian history and especially in the 20th Century. The comparison with the previous critical conjunctures seeks precisely to comprehend the deeper roots that allowed the agglutination of the present historical block and its claim of legitimacy. Due to the consensually recognized historical importance in the Bolivian and bolivianist literature and to the influences in the present political conjuncture, the hegemony crisis of the transition to democracy period, the military regime of Ovando and Torres, the 1952 Revolution, the government of Gualberto Villarroel and the Chaco War and Military Socialism of the 1930s were chosen for comparison. And at last, I conclude by resuming the ideas underlying the comparison between the current historical block and its preceding constitutive moments and how these influence and in some ways determine the nature of the present political process and its hegemonic horizons.