Análise das intervenções da NIC indicadas para o diagnóstico de enfermagem “volume de líquido excessivo” em unidade de terapia intensiva

Abstract

It is a descriptive study with the objective to analyze the applicability of the interventions proposed by the Classification of nursing interventions (NIC) nursing for the diagnosis of "Fluid volume excess" in an Intensive Therapy Unit (ITU). It was developed in three stages. At first, they were raised, along with nursing care, activities that they indicated for patients with that diagnosis. In the second step, expert nurses conducted a correspondence among the activities listed by nurse clinicians with the activities outlined in the NIC to the referred diagnosis. The third step, on its turn, consisted of two points: a) five interventions for analysis were selected and it was raised up the views of nurses about the applicability of the activities contained in NIC they have no mentioned, as well as, on the applicability of the activities they indicated in caring for adults with a diagnosis of nursing "Fluid volume excess" and not present in the NIC; b) a proposal for intervention developed from the analysis of data from the previous step was subjected to expert nurses who participated in the second stage. As a result, it was obtained a total of 73 activities indicated by nurses for the care to patients with "Fluid volume excess". In the second step, it was found that 71 of the 479 activities in the interventions of the NIC (14.82%), showed correspondence with 49 activities prescribed by nurses. The only intervention completely correspondent by the experts was “Vital signs monitoring”. As for the percentage of activities that present correspondence, the following results were gotten: “electrolyte management” (12%), “fluid monitoring” (27.27%), “hipervolemia management” (37.5%), “fluid management” (35.71%) and “electrolytes monitoring” (46.87%). For most of the correspondent activities to the NIC it was shown that the actions of nurses represented specific activities developed in the ITU. The five interventions selected for analysis in the third stage totaled 139 activities. Of these, 47 (33.81%) had been considered correspondent to the indicated by nurses in the first stage. Of the remaining 92 activities that were analyzed as to its completion the following results were obtained: “electrolyte management” (54.54%), “fluid monitoring” (40%), “hipervolemia management” (20%), “fluid management” (61.11%) and the “electrolytes monitoring” (46.87%). Regarding to the ITU implementation, the 24 activities prescribed in the first stage, and for which it was not found the corresponding in the NIC, 11 activities have reached a percentage above 80%. However, it was not noticed an apparent standard attitude among the nurses in doing these. The intervention “Clinical evaluation of changes of electrolytes to risk of injury”, suggested by this study, included nine activities, of which six had correlation above the pre-established cut off point. It was concluded that many activities in the NIC were held in the unit of study, but there was no standard as to its implementation in the nurses practice. That a great number of interventions and activities for patients with “Fluid volume excess” offer much possibilities for new investigations and reinforces the importance of using the NIC taxonomy as key resource and as relevant to the implementation of a higher quality of care.