Gênero humano, indivíduo e natureza em Ludwig Feuerbach

Abstract

This work begins with the philosophical critic of Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach (1804-1868) about religion, speculative philosophy and all forms of idealism that underlies man from empty abstractions that deny its generic essence to transfer it for imaginary being created by himself in his own image and likeness. Throughout the text will be displayed the concepts of true and false essence of religion, the generic essence of man, nature and the subjective essence of religion as Feuerbach articulated in his writings over several times in his life. The works used as main references are The Essence of Christianity (1841), The Lectures on the Essence of Religion(1851) and Principles of Future Philosophy and other Writings(1843), where the main arguments supporting his philosophy of sensitivity are exposed. Throughout this text are highlighted and compared the different perspectives, according to the survey, about religion and the man in relation to the analysis made by Feuerbach to this theme in The Essence of Christianity and Lectures on the Essence of Religion. The first work is noted an anthropological - objective analysis of this topic and in the second the philosopher focuses on a psychological - subjective influence provided by nature to the man who is at the mercy of its dangers arising from a non-reciprocal relationship with her. For Feuerbach, the Christian religion is an immediate counterpoint to nature because she subdues their whim making it dependent on a subjective will, God. But Feuerbach's philosophy has as its starting point the sensitive experience and puts nature as uncreated, absolute and independent, she being and the material means the true responsible for the origin of man creator of the gods. Thus, this research will focus on man's relationship with nature and the individual with his gender, questioning what gives rise primarily religious sentiment. This feeling, according to Feuerbach, is at least essential or innate to humans, but is analyzed here which provides, essentially, your awakening or develop in him the ability to create gods and who is the creator of the gods? What is the most memorable moment that enables men to create their gods? It is from the time they recognize their gender, which is bearer of perfect determinations (human essence), which happens to be religion in human life, as in the case of Christianity, or is from a non-reciprocal relationship the nature? What is more fundamental in Feuerbach's philosophy to religion there are the perfections of man as a genre or the imperfections of man as an individual in his poor relationship, non-reciprocal, with the contingencies of the material world? Thus, the criticism of Feuerbach to religion can also note the occurrence of an anthropological turn which allows the emergence of a new ethical theory based on the relationship I - You, in other words, the man with the other without the mediation of any divine being, abstract, and this theory places it in its entirety in the center of this philosophy admitting it to be sensitive body that is inserted in nature and only it depends to be.