Biomarcadores de disfunção renal em pacientes com HIV que recebem terapia antiretroviral combinada e sua associação com lesão endotelial

Abstract

Kidney disease is a factor that worsens the prognosis of HIV infection. Its timely detection and accurate diagnosis are essential for prevention of future bouts and to define the appropriate treatment. Objective: To verify the presence of kidney damage in a group of HIV / AIDS patients asymptomatic, and establish its relationship with the occurrence of endothelial injury and endothelial glycocalyx. Population and Methods: A cross-sectional study with patients with HIV / AIDS for the evaluation of renal and endothelial function was conducted. Patients were followed up at a public outpatient clinic for Fortaleza / CE, for the period October 2014 to April 2015. We included 66 HIV-positive, subdivided into three groups (without ART, TDF and AZT) and compared to a group of 13 healthy. We measured urinary biomarkers glomerular injury and renal tubules (NGAL), glomerular injury and tubulointerstitial interstitial (MCP-1), damage to the proximal tubule (KIM-1), endothelial glycocalyx injury (syndecan-1) and endothelial injury (ICAM-1) quantified by the sandwich ELISA technique as well as other biochemical parameters in all patients. Results: There was no significant difference between age, sex, body mass index and blood pressure in groups. Most patients (63.6%) had undetectable viral load (<67). The UMCP-1 was significantly higher among patients with HIV without antiretroviral therapy and high viral load. UNGAL was also higher in the same group, but showed a trend towards significance (p = 0.07). The average uKIM-1 in patients using TDF was greater than the control group (p <0.001). Regarding the ICAM-1, no difference was observed between the groups (p = 0.757). HIV patients had higher levels of syndecan-1 systemic compared to healthy controls (p <0.001). Analyzing the different groups, it observed that higher levels of syndecan-1 remained statistically significant only in the groups receiving HAART TDF (p = 0.001) and AZT (p = 0.0006), indicating endothelial dysfunction. Syndecan-1 has obtained a positive correlation between serum creatinine (r = 0.399, p = 0.003) Blood urea nitrogen levels (r = 0.347, p = 0.010), showing a significant association between the lesion of the endothelial glycocalyx and renal dysfunction in patients with HIV. Conclusion: MCP-1 and the KIM-1 showed the highest levels among HIV-infected patients without therapy, as well as Sydencan-1, suggesting the occurrence of renal inflammation possibly associated with endothelial dysfunction.