Evaluation of oral conditions in patients with neurodegenerative diseases treated in geriatric centers

Abstract

Objective To compare the general clinical conditions and oral alterations, and also evaluate the prosthesis, in subjects diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD), attended at two geriatric centers in the city of Fortaleza - Ceará. Methods 70 patients were analyzed (between 57 to 91 years) with AD and PD, through evaluation of neurological medical records and oral clinical examination. Variables as sex, age, race, comorbidities, oral manifestations and prosthetic conditions were observed. A total of 20 elderly patients without neurological disease consisted the control group (CG). Fisher's exact test and Kruskal-Wallis were used as statistical analysis. Results In both groups, blood hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity. As for the oral examination in the group with AD, it was observed that 54.2% had periodontal disease, 34.2% caries. Similar results were found in PD patients (31.4%; 22.8% - respectively). However, no difference was observed between the groups, as the systemic and oral manifestations in both geriatric centers (p> 0.05). Was identified more than half of the subjects (57.7%) using dentures, and 86.5% of these had become maladaptive, with some kind of defect. There was statistical difference in the presence of associated oral pathology, denture stomatitis, between dementia and control group (p = 0.0213). Conclusion Elderly patients with AD and PD have poor oral health, as well as those without neurodegenerative diseases. However, have more defects and disorders associated with the use of removable dentures.