Qualidade do solo e pedofauna em sistemas tradicionais e agroflorestais

Abstract

Traditional agriculture can degrade natural resources becoming unsustainable. Hence, ecological approaches on agriculture enable the choice of agricultural management,which associates food production and the maintenance of natural resources, as agroforestry systems. The simplified agroecosystem reduces diversity, causing deleterious effects on soil biota and on soil quality,. Thus, the aim of this work was: i) to assess quality indicators and soil quality, resistance and resilience indexes, ii) to evaluate the diversity of edaphic fauna of agroecosystems and iii) to identify flora and dry and rainy seasons to edaphic fauna abundance. Agrosilvopastoral, silvopastoral, and traditional agroecosystems were studied, under use and under different periods of fallow, besides the natural vegetation (MATA). Soil quality (QS) was analyzed according to some indicators and from them quality, resistance and resilience indexes were calculated. Edaphic fauna was collected under dry and rainy seasons, using PITFALL TRAPS. The fauna was identified under taxonomic groups and the indexes: abundance, density, diversity, and uniformity here determined. The relation between fauna and flora and the seasons was analyzed using general linear models. Agroforestries maintained QS, traditional system under fallow recovered it, and the traditional system reduced it and it was less resilient and resistant. In the dry season, agroforestries showed low diversity and uniformity, therefore presenting similar abundance to MATA, while areas under fallow showed high diversity and uniformity. There were similarities in diversity and uniformity between traditional system and MATA. In the rainy season, agroforestries showed density and abundance similar to MATA,. Traditional systems under fallow showed density, abundance, diversity, and uniformity similar to MATA. It is possible to conclude that agroforestry systems are sustainable. Six and nine years of fallow are enough to recover the condition of natural vegetation. Traditional management reduces quality, resistance and resilience of soil. Agroforestries show diversity and uniformity of pedofauna similar to the natural vegetation when water is available. The abundance of trees and weather seasonality determine the abundance of pedofauna.