Avaliação longitudinal do perfil lipídico e de apolipoproteínas de pacientes transplantados renais e sua associação com imunossupressores na presença ou não de corticoide

Abstract

Immunosuppressive drugs are essential for transplantation (tx) kidney, but can promote lipid changes in transplant patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment regimen in the presence or not of corticosteroids on lipid levels and apolipoproteins AI and B in renal transplant patients. This was a prospective study were followed 25 renal transplant patients in the period from January to April / 2015 at a university hospital (Fortaleza / Ceará). The project was approved by the Ethics in Research University Hospital Walter Cantídio Committee (UFC) under 36622114.3.0000.5045 number and analyzed the questionnaire and the medical records of patients treated at the kidney transplant service at T0 (Day tx), T10 ( 10 days after tx), T1 (1 month after tx), T3 (3 months after tx), T6 (6 months after tx). Data were analyzed demographic partner, life history, age, sex, immunosuppressive drugs used and laboratory tests. Of the patients, 16 were male (64%); aged over 50 years (n = 14; 56%) and 100% of donors were deceased. When analyzing the underlying disease, it was observed that the patients had as a previous condition, especially diabetes (n = 5; 20%), glomerulonephritis (n = 5; 20%), followed by cystic kidney disease (n = 4, 16%). Regarding physical exercise 56% of patients (n = 14) and held 88% (n = 22) were accompanied by a nutritionist. After six months of renal transplantation, there was a 3.2% weight gain and an increase of 3.6% compared to the body mass index (BMI). Analyzing the metabolic alterations, 80% (n = 20) had high blood pressure, 32% (n = 8) diabetes and 36% (n = 9) pre-renal transplantation dislipidemia. The most commonly used immunosuppressive regimens were sodium mycophenolate and tacrolimus (n = 13; 52%) and sodium mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, prednisone (n = 12; 48%), which were related to two distinct groups of patients (with and without dyslipidemia the transplant). During the six months after renal transplantation was presented changes in the lipid profile of the sample compared to the day of transplantation, with statistically significant differences at certain times. Similar results were obtained in relation to apolipoprotein AI and B. At the end of treatment, there was a 31% increase in the levels of triglycerides (TG), 38% high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol (34 %), 39% low density lipoproteins (LDL) and 35% total cholesterol (TC) in patients with dyslipidemia without prior treatment regimen with corticosteroids. When analyzing the levels of apolipoproteins front of their respective lipoprotein we observed a pronounced increase of APO B in relation to LDL in patients with dyslipidemia prior to transplantation. This suggests an increased cardiovascular risk in this group of patients. On the contrary, in patients without dyslipidemia, we observed a more effective protection, given an increase of APO AI in these patients already from 1 month of treatment. Analyzing apolipoproteins AI and B alone, there was no influence of the treatment regimen, although it is possible to see an increase of APO AI levels in T1 in patients with corticoid and lifting APO B in T6 in patients without corticosteroids. The ratio of APO AI in T1 in patients using the treatment regimen with or without corticosteroids was statistically significant. The same result was obtained in respect apo B T6. It can be concluded that changes in lipid profile are already visible six months after renal transplantation, which may have been influenced by the use of the therapeutic regimen with corticosteroids, showing the need for monitoring after transplantation.