Efeitos do tratamento com plasma não térmico em superfícies de titânio e materiais cerâmicos

Abstract

Adhesive properties of dental materials such as wetting and surface roughness are important for studies of cementing effects of prosthetic devices, repairs and restorations, combining different materials and even cell adhesion in surgical biomaterials. Modifications in the surfaces of these materials can contribute to improve these properties. This study examined the effects of treatment with argon plasma on surfaces of pure titanium, glass-ceramics reinforced by lithium disilicate and feldspar ceramic. Titanium specimens were divided into three groups (n=5): no treatment (NT); treatment with argon gas, 6 minutes; and treatment with argon plasma, 6 minutes, 10W/1 bar. Contact angle after treatment (IT) - after one hour (HT) and after one week (WT); surface roughness (Sa); and evaluation in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were analyzed. Ceramic specimens were divided into two groups (n=5): NT and argon plasma 6 minutes, 10W / 1 bar. Contact angle after treatment (IT) – after one hour (HT) and after one week (WT); and surface roughness (Sa) and SEM evaluation and microtensile (MPa) were analyzed. The data were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk test, analysis of variance (one-way), Tukey and t-Student test (α=0.05). In titanium there was a significant decrease in the contact angle (p<0.0001) in plasma group IT (8.4±1.8), HT (15.7±3.4) and WT (14.8±4.5) compared to the NT group (30.7±1.6). By comparing the gas group IT (24.1±6.1), HT (26.5±6.3) and WT (26.2±5.7) to the NT group (30.7±1.6) there was no significant difference (p=0.0793). There was a significant increase in surface roughness (p=0.0144) in the group treated with plasma (1.1±0.04) compared to NT groups (0.09±0.08) and gas group (1.0±0.05). In SEM, there was more irregular surface in the specimens treated with plasma. Lithium disilicate showed a significant decrease (p=0.0003) contact angle plasma group IT (5.0±0.2) and HT (5.5±1.0) when compared with the group NT (9.6±2.6); showed a significant increase in surface roughness (p=0.02) in the plasma group (1.1±0.4) when compared to the NT group (0.6±0.2) and a significant increase in bond strength (MPa) of a resin cement (p=0.0005) in plasma group (27.6±3.7) compared to the NT group (11.2±2.1). In feldspathic ceramics, when compared to the contact angle of the NT group (30.0±6.5), plasma IT (8.3±2.7), HT (12.9±3.3) and ST (16,2±2.4), we observed a significant (p<0.0001) plasma group; the surface roughness has increased significantly (p=0.03) in the plasma group (1.7±0.6) when compared to the NT group (1.0±0.2). The SEM images plasma group when compared to the NT group exhibited a much more irregular topography both for lithium disilicate and for feldspar. The treatment with argon plasma enhanced wetting and increased roughness of the three surface examined materials: titanium and ceramic lithium disilicate and feldspar. This treatment also increased the bond strength in adhesive cementation on ceramic lithium disilicate.