Ensaios sobre a pobreza no Brasil

Abstract

This dissertation consists of three articles in which methodologies and different database were used. In the first article, entitled "The Public Expenditure and Its Impact on Poverty in Brazil", from annual data for Brazil from 1995 to 2009, analyzes the impact of public spending on health in poverty in the country, by controlling if other determinants of poverty as GDP per capita, income concentration measured by the Gini coefficient, expenditure on health, average years of schooling and the unemployment rate. We applied the method for dynamic panel data estimated by the generalized method of moments in two steps, developed by Arellano and Bond (1991), Arellano and Bover (1995) and Blundell and Bond (1998). The results suggest that public spending on health affect poverty in Brazil, reducing it. The factors contributing to poverty alleviation are the average years of education and GDP per capita with the predominance of the former. In the second article, entitled "Analysis of Multidimensional Poverty in Brazil," intends to present new perspectives for the understanding of multidimensional poverty in Brazil in the years 2006-2012, and considering other dimensions beyond income. For this, we used the methodology Bourguignon and Chakravarty (2003), which presents an alternative way of measuring the multidimensionality of poverty. Data were taken from the National Survey of Households (PNAD), and the results of the six dimensions analyzed revealed a reduction in the proportion of multidimensional poor of the population of 24.24% in 2006 to 21.23% in 2012. Among the Brazilian regions, the most serious situation of deprivation occurs in the North and Northeast regions. In the third article, entitled "Impacts Multidimensional Poverty Child Mortality Rate in Brazil" analyzes the different impacts of one-dimensional and multidimensional poverty rates on the infant mortality rate, controlled by other determinants such as income per capita, the level of concentration of income and educational level, measured by average years of schooling. For a panel with the 26 states of Brazil and the Federal District, from annual data from 2001 to 2011. In all, the one-dimensional and multidimensional poverty rates contributed significantly to the reduction of infant mortality rate. However, the proportion of an impact had poor dimensional three times greater than the proportion of poor dimensional.