Pensar a liberdade em Slavoj Zizek: uma reflexão sobre ciência, ontologia, subjetividade e política emancipatória

Abstract

The present work discusses the idea of emancipation and freedom for Zizek, a concept of freedom strictly materialist and post-metaphysical. If the emphasis today on the ideals of the Enlightenment (Aufklärung) supplied by modernity is considered a step backwards before our reality post-modern, Zizek sees the challenge of reintegrating such principles in philosophical scenario today in a very special way. His merit consists basically to approach the kernel of the contemporary question (in terms of science, ontology, subjectivity and politics) from the ideal modern that opens up the prospect of emancipation and human freedom. Our work has, therefore, as task to explore this theme of freedom in current times, in what Kant understood with the principle of Aufklärung, namely, the leaving of man of minority, of which he himself is guilty. In this sense, the theme will be divided into four main thematic areas: (i) science and epistemology, (ii) ontology, (iii) subjectivity and (iv) emancipatory politics. On the first point it is discussed the ideal of Aufklärung for Zizek and how it contrasts directly with the perspective of Habermas and his project of a unfinished modernity. For this, we take as a guide the controversy on the subject of biogenetic, and, from then on, we look for to demonstrate as that the conception of modernity for Zizek is still more radical than that of Habermas. In the second chapter, we are seeking to develop how Zizek justifies the ontological basis of freedom from the passage from Kant to Hegel. The focus is deposited in the parallax shift of epistemological obstacle in Kant, for his positive ontological condition, in Hegel. That is, the way as Hegel radicalizes the Kantian thought from a twist purely formal dialectic. In the third chapter, the prospect of freedom is now shifted to the field of subjectivity, the dialectical relation between the Kantian moral Law and the sadistic enjoyment. In this direction, I look for to show first as that Lacan articulates Kant with Sade, then think about how that the psychoanalyst seeks an outlet for the principle of Kantian freedom from the Law of desire, which allows us to think a Kant without Sade. In the room and last chapter, step for a discussion properly politics, where I question as one truly emancipatory politics is possible, linked to the idea of class struggle and political act. In each treated point, we strive to radicalize the principle of human freedom in its materialistic basis. The interesting approach in the dialectical materialism of Zizek is that, at any time, it is replace our reality by another better, but only - and this is crucial - radicalize what remains in potentia in ours.