Mortalidade infantil em Fortaleza : estudo de uma coorte de nascidos vivos

Abstract

Infant mortality has shown, recently, a significant reduction of its magnitude, however is still characterized as a serious public health problem. The component of neonatal and post neonatal analysis, permit define appropriate specific strategies of action with the objective to reduce these deaths. The main objective of this study was to analyze the cohort of newborns living in Fortaleza, in the year 2004 to 2006, and identify areas of risk factors and components of infant mortality. We used the technique of linkage of records contained in the Mortality Information System (MIS), Hospital Information System of the SUS (SIH / SUS) and the Information System on Live Births (Sinasc). It is estimated the coefficients of post-neonatal mortality and neonatal variables of the main vital systems. We identified risk factors for the components of infant mortality, with use of bi variety analysis and calculation of relative risk. A spatial statistical analysis was performed using the empirical Bayesian method. The results obtained using the procedure of linkage allowed the improvement of the information contained in the SIM. The recovery of the records of deaths notified the SIM, through SIH / SUS has achieved an increase in infant mortality in 3.9%, and can retrieve information of deaths in 40 districts. The infant mortality rates, neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in Fortaleza were respectively 18.5, 12.2 and 6.3 per thousand live births. As to the characterization of neonatal death and post-neonatal period, there was a higher proportion of birth and death of men. The coefficients of neonatal and post-neonatal mortality showed a higher magnitude in children born premature, respectively, 115.4 and 23.8 per thousand live births. The risk factors that showed a higher association with neonatal mortality were prematurity, low birth weight and births occurring outside the hospital. For post-neonatal mortality, the variables were more strongly related birth outside the hospital and prematurity. As the spatial distribution of infant mortality, it is perceived contrasts between relevant areas of worst and best conditions. In several areas of worse socioeconomic conditions were found low mortality rates, on the other hand, areas of better conditions showed high mortality rates. It was the existence of heterogeneous spatial pattern for neonatal mortality and post-neonatal, seeing is districts with high rates near the neighborhood of low rates.