Vulnerabilidade ao diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e às doenças cardiovasculares em familiares de pacientes diabéticos

Abstract

Tradução do português para inglês It is inferred that in addition to genetic, behavioral factors entered into the everyday family dynamics contributing to the increase in risk of developing diabetes mellitus and type 2 (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in the world population and acts as a potentiator DM2 this framework. It describes the set of dimensions involved in health and disease within the family, looked for evidence that would subsidize the work of health professionals in primary care, in order that they can be exploited early and recognize risk situations and vulnerability to these diseases. Was therefore conducted this cross-sectional study conducted in 58% of 124 patients known to be cohabiting with DM2 treated in a public primary care in the city of Fortaleza. The sample was assessed through a survey, using a structured form, physical examinations and laboratory tests. Relatives interviewed, 32.8% were children and adolescents and among adults (over 18) 45.3% were men. In the group of sedentary women was found in 94.7%, obesity in 23.4% (51.1% when considering central obesity), alcohol in 15.8%, and high amount of cigarettes (14.7 pack-years) . Obesity (p = 0.003), overweight (p = 0.01) and central obesity (p = 0.01) were significantly correlated with the stratification of risk for developing type 2 diabetes, even after adjusting for age and sex. The elderly showed the highest overall cardiovascular risk, affected mainly by changes in glycemic control (100%) and hypertension (64.7%), with the majority of hypertensive patients were diagnosed during the study (63.7%). Family members reported having received the recommendation of the health professional to conduct examinations and fasting lipid profile (48.5%) and measure blood pressure frequently (52.6%). Nevertheless, the prevalence of T2DM in all the families that made full investigation was 12.8% (6), with the majority (11.2%) were newly diagnosed in the study. The lack of interest and motivation in adopting self-protective practices to transform attitudes, was not related to the unknown factors or behaviors considered risky, given that the risk factor for developing T2DM best known of the population was " eating sweets "(83.1%), followed by" being overweight "(73.8%) and having a relative with diabetes (67.7%). Most respondents indicated a "protector" to physical exercise (67.7%) and "eating pasta" was not considered by the sample as a risk factor for T2DM. These data, which identified major vulnerability and prevalence of risk factors of family members of patients with DM2, points to the need of health professionals working with the Family Health Strategy in adapting their practice, their focus of attention is the collective as well as measures to improve primary and secondary prevention adopted currently, in order to contain the epidemic rise of type 2 diabetes and CVD.