Estudo eletroquímico e desenvolvimento de uma metodologia analítica para determinação dos fármacos dietilestilbestrol e metildopa.

Abstract

In this work, electrochemical and analytical studies were performed, using cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and computational modeling using the software DMOL3 and forcite, for diethylstilbestrol (DES) and methyldopa (MDP) molecules. The electrochemical and analytical studies was carried out on the glassy carbon surface and using BR buffer as electrolyte. For DES preliminary studies showed a anodic and cathodic peak about 0,450 V and 0,021 V, respectively. The DES’s peak potential shifted to more negative values with pH increasing and the peak current showed maximum at pH 7. The redox process presented an adsorptive control and was characterized as catalytic with irreversible charge transfer . Computer models showed that electron densities of the HOMO orbital is mainly located on the oxygens phenols groups and presented Mulliken charges of -0.507, thus, these are probable DES oxidation sites. Calculations indicate physical adsorption of DES with energy values shifted from -30 to -33 kcal mol-1. Finally, the theoretical mechanism was shown to be in accordance with the proposal electrochemically, with the formation of a quinone. For the analytical determination the VOQ parameters were optimized: f = 80 Hz, = 30 mV, E = 4 mV. Curves were made, and the calculated LD = 5.58 x 10-8 mol L-1 (14.9 ppb) and LQ = 1.89 x 10-7 mol L-1 (49.9 ppb). The repeatability and reproducibility were evaluated by the RSD, giving values of 1.64% and 3.47%, respectively. The methodology was applied in pharmaceutical formulation, natural water and synthetic urine, resulting in recoveries of 94.32%, 77.85%, 89.00%, respectively. For MDP voltammetric studies showed an anodic and cathodic process at pH 2 and 3. At pH values larger than 3 showed two anodic peaks and a cathodic. Was observed a dependence of peak potentials that have shifted to more negative values with increasing the pH. Sweep speed studies showed that the process is controlled by adsorption and applying the Nicholson-Shain criteria redox process was classified as catalytic irreversible charge transfer. At pHs above 3 was observed an irreversible process with formation of polymeric film on the electrode surface. At pH below 3 the process showed a reversible character. And quantum chemical calculations showed that Mulliken charge density of the electron orbitals HOMO and LUMO are primarily on the phenolic oxygens and one possible reaction route with dimer formation and possible polymerization is energetically possible, confirming the mechanism proposal. The electroanalytical methodology had also been developed using VOQ, and BR buffer pH 2 as electrolyte and VOQ parameters were optimized: f = 20 Hz, = 20 mV,  E = 2 mV. Curves were obtained, and calculated LD and LQ of 6.32 x 10-9 (1.33 ppb) and 2.10 x 10-8 (4.43 ppb), respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility were evaluated by the RSD, giving values of 3.01% and 4.96%, respectively. The methodology was applied in pharmaceutical formulation, natural water and synthetic urine, resulting in recoveries of 93.32%, 97.03%, 91.29%, respectively. Thus, this methodology can be employed with success for pharmaceutical formulation determination